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Labor supply and economic activity reserves of the irkutsk oblast population
The paper considers the dynamics of spatial redistribution of labor resources in Irkutsk Oblast, characteristics of labor supply and possible reserves of economic activity. The choice of this region derived from the fact that Irkutsk Oblast concentrates problems typical of many regions of Siberia and the Far East (high dispersion of settlement, migration outflow and relatively high unemployment). We show how migration affects the age structure of the region population and give the characteristics of jobs and employment by type of settlements, as well as the features of unemployment. Data collected in sociological studies show that, starting from the age of 45, the share of employment monotonically decreases while the proportion of people who do not want to work increases. At the same time, there exists a strong group ofpotential labor-force participants (age group of 61 to 63 years) who would like to work. An analysis of labor force participation at older ages captures differences in the levels of participation by types of settlements. As factors limiting the participation, we consider job characteristics, the prevalence of labor commuting and rotation-based work, and weak demand in the labor market. The article outlines the assumptions about reserves of economic activity in the region and the conditions for their utilization
Kirillova M. K. [email protected]
Keywords: labor migration labor force unemployment economic activity of the population labor market Irkutsk Oblast
Village-Forming Enterprise Liquidation as a Factor Of Depressiveness of Non-Diversified Rural Areas in Perm Krai
The article suggests introducing a scientific term «village-forming agricultural enterprise)) as applied to agricultural organizations located in non-diversified rural areas. We carried out an analysis of statistical data characterizing the dynamics of social and economic development of rural municipal districts of Perm Krai in comparison with the average regional level. The analysis has revealed that Perm Krai municipal districts where a significant amount of village-forming agricultural enterprises was eliminated take the lowest places in dynamics ratings for the registered unemployment level, migration population decline, reduction of the working-age people per pensioner, agricultural production, and budget balancing. We have concluded that the liquidation of village-forming agricultural enterprises is a prime factor for the degradation of the socioeconomic sphere in rural areas; it aggravates their depression. To increase the attractiveness of rural labor and preserve human capital in agricultural production, we propose to abolish the tax on individual agricultural producers. The article proves the necessity to develop a mechanism that would transfer abandonedfields and timberland ofagricultural designation into forest reserve lands. In order to increase employment and reduce unemployment, it is necessary to organize a publicly funded community service that would take care of forests in these areas. To provide opportunities for labor mobility for the people who find workplaces outside depressed non-diversified rural areas, we propose to improve the organization of intra-settlement pubtic transport. To increase employment, we suggest supporting the development of non-standard employment forms.
Fokin V. Ya. [email protected]
Keywords: migration unemployment depressiveness of areas the budget of the municipal district non-diversified rural area village-forming agricultural enterprise the rural population territory degradation processes
